11/21/2023 0 Comments Yaw pterm cutCambridge: Cambridge University Press, 476 pp.ĭiaz, H.F., and Markgraf V. El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation. World Survey of Climatology, Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. (ed.), Future Climates of the World: A Modelling Perspective. Climatic variability on decadal to century timescales. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. (eds.), El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation. Atmospheric teleconnections associated with the extreme phases of the Southern Oscillation. El Niño events and their elation to the Southern Oscillation: 1925–1986. (eds.), Teleconnections Linking Worldwide Climate Anomalies. In Glantz, M.H., Katz, R.W., and Nicholls, N. Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies of ocean temperature. Reviewing the progress of El Niño research and prediction. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC, Austr., 405 pp.Īnderson, D.L.T., Sarachik, E.S., Webster, P.J., and Rothstein, L.M. El Niño Southern Oscillation and Climatic Variability. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. (eds.), El Niño and the Southern Oscillation, Multiscale Variability and Global and Regional Impacts. ENSO and climatic variability in the past 150 years. El Niño-Southern Oscillation influences in the Australasian region. Alexandria, Virginia: Water Resources Support Center, Institute for Water Resources.Īllan, R.J., 1988. Shoreline Protection and Beach Erosion Control Study. National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology, Tallahassee, Florida: Florida Shore and Beach Preservation Association, pp. Stronge, William B., 1998 The economic benefits of Florida’s beaches. The economics of government funding for beach projects: the Florida case. Cost-Benefit Analysis in Urban and Regional Planning. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(4): 3–17. The contingent valuation debate: why economists should care. Beach Nourishment and Protection, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. National Research Council, Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, 1995. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 49(2): 185–197. Public policy aspects of beach erosion control. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.įischer, David W., 1990. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. For example, the coastline impacted by the center of a hurricane may receive little protection from its beaches, but. Of course, a beach does not eliminate storm damage to upland properties and in severe storms it may provide little or no protection. During storm events, water travels less far inland as a result of the beach and so damage to upland property tends to be less. Beaches reduce storm damage by moving the water line further from upland property. Economic services provided by beachesĪn important service provided by the beach at the coast is reduced storm damage to upland properties ( US Army Corps of Engineers 1996, chapter 5). They also generate impacts on the economy and tax base. As economic resources, they provide services to people and property that have an economic value. As natural resources, they add beauty to the coast and provide habitats for many creatures including birds and sea turtles. Beaches are economic as well as natural resources.
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